![]() Firstly, whether Stuxnet should be considered sabotage (Rid’s reasoning) or indeed warfare (conform Stone).Īnd secondly, in legal terms, whether or not states could resort or respond to cyber warfare. ![]() Stuxnet triggered fierce academic debate and raised questions on various aspects of international relations. After these speculations, the UK and US official recognition of cyber operations is ground-breaking. In 2007, Israel was believed to have employed cyber capabilities in Operation Orchard against an undeclared Syrian nuclear facility in Al Kibar. In addition, Israel and the US are believed to have jointly launched Operation Olympic Games to delay Iran’s nuclear programme in Natanz. The latter operation became famous for the malicious software (‘malware’) used: Stuxnet. These two public statements, joined with NATO’s announcement to “recognise cyberspace as a domain of operations”, have brought (the debate on) cyber warfare into the open.Īrguably, cyber capabilities had been used before. Likewise, in the UK Secretary of State for Defence Michael Fallon MP confirmed that UK’s offensive cyber capabilities are also deployed in the campaign against Da’esh (also referred to as ISIS). Early 2016, the US Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter confirmed he had given US Cyber Command “its first wartime assignment” in the war with ISIS. Besides the fact that his colleague John Stone argued otherwise, it is now clear that cyber warfare has indeed become reality. In 2012, Thomas Rid concluded that “Cyberwar will not take place”.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |